- LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL - AN OVERVIEW

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko pointed out which the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly mainly because of the deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, made use of to be a Uncooked product Preliminary soften (Czochralski approach) [186]. Accordingly, dependant upon its manufacturing technologies, niobium pentoxide can undertake a wide